A concussion is a mild head injury causing a temporary disruption of normal brain functioning. However, if not properly addressed, even mild head injuries can have persisting effects. The most common causes of concussion are sports injuries, car accidents, and falls. Generally, any symptoms of a concussion will dissipate with proper rest and nutrition. It is critical to adhere to these guidelines, as a second concussion prior to the first healing can have extensive consequences. If symptoms have not disappeared after appropriate care, more intensive treatment is needed.
Signs
If your child exhibits two or more of the following symptoms within twelve hours of hitting their head, they may have experienced a concussion:
- Vomiting
- Loss of consciousness
- Dizziness
- Confusion
- Pupil dilation
- Ringing in ears
- Vision changes (e.g., blurred or seeing stars)
- Headache
- Memory problems (e.g., unsure where they are)
If you suspect your child has suffered a concussion, you should bring them to see a medical professional (e.g., their pediatrician or the emergency room) immediately.
Post-Concussion Symptoms
Following a concussion, the following symptoms may be present:
Physical
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Sensory processing challenges (e.g., sensitivity to light)
- Chronic headaches or neck pain
Emotional
- Chronic anxiety
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Rapidly changing moods
Cognitive
- Memory problems
- Trouble concentrating
- Avoiding reading
- Making careless errors
- Becoming easily overwhelmed
Sleep
- Trouble staying or falling asleep
- Oversleeping
Post-Concussive Syndrome
Although there are not universally accepted criteria for Post-Concussive Syndrome (PCS), experiencing three or more of the aforementioned symptoms for more than three months after the concussion is generally recognized. Seeing a neurologist or undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation can help evaluate the full extent of the injury.
Treatment
If symptoms persist, the following specialists may be able to help:
- Physical therapist for pain
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapist for cognitive challenges
- Psychologist or Counselor for emotional symptoms
- Optometrist for vision problems
- Audiologist for auditory problems
Most children will hit their head at some point in their lives, and very few will result in a concussion. When a concussion does occur though, it should be taken seriously.
Reference:
McEvoy, R.E., Gangwish, K., & Jones, M. (2016). Child decoded: Unlocking complex issues in your child’s behavior, learning and attention. Louisville, CO: L.E.A.R.N., LLC.