ADHD creates a unique set of challenges in teenagers, which if not effectively addressed can lead to problems in adulthood. While the symptoms of ADHD often decline and shift with age, 75% of teenagers with ADHD continue to experience symptoms as adults.
Teenager Brains
The frontal lobe of the brain continues to develop until approximately the age of 25. This area is responsible for executive functioning skills (e.g., problem solving, impulse control, and planning). However, brain development is delayed with ADHD, causing these skills to be even more immature. The frontal lobe also plays a role in emotional regulation, which can result in greater lability in teenagers with ADHD.
High School
The aforementioned executive functions are critical to school success. Teenagers with ADHD are more likely to drop out of high school, which affects their earning potential throughout life.
Social Skills
Teenagers with ADHD tend to be involved in fewer extracurricular activities and are more prone to isolation due to lower social skills. Further, the friends they do have are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior. These challenges are exacerbated by limited insight into their social functioning.
Substance Use
ADHD is correlated with greater nicotine, substance, and alcohol use. The use of these substances can negatively affect brain development. Research shows that when treated with stimulants, the risk of use is significantly lowered. Stimulant misuse can be problematic, indicating the need to work closely with a psychiatrist.
Other Conditions
The risk for developing depression or anxiety are higher for teenagers with ADHD. Therapy can be an effective intervention for addressing these associated concerns.
Driving
Teenagers with ADHD are two-four times more likely to be in a car accident. They are six times more likely to receive a speeding ticket and six-eight times more likely to have their license suspended. These statistics highlight the importance of minimizing distractions while driving (e.g., cell phone use).
Treatment
As noted above, medication and therapy are effective in reducing the direct and indirect effects of ADHD. Further, school accommodations can help ensure academic success.
Reference:
Wilens, T. (2020, October 2). ADHD in teens: How symptoms manifest as unique challenges for adolescents and young adults. ADDitude. https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-in-teens-challenges-solutions/?utm_source=eletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=professional_october_2020&utm_content=100420&goal=0_a767e6fc3c-1ae0d2bcaf-302347613